Hot plug controllers are usually used in high availability systems such as servers, network switches, and other forms of communication infrastructure. This kind of system usually needs to replace the faulty circuit board or module in the charged state, and the system still operates normally. This process is called hot plug. One use of the hot plug controller is to solve the output end protection problem of the switching DC boost circuit by using the overcurrent and short-circuit protection functions of the hot plug protection circuit. The DC boost circuit is a switching DC boost circuit. The output voltage is higher than the input voltage, and the polarity of the output voltage is unchanged. It is to raise the low DC voltage provided by the battery to the required voltage value. Its basic working process is: high-frequency oscillation generates low-voltage pulses - pulse transformer boosts to a predetermined voltage value - pulse rectification to obtain high-voltage DC power. Therefore, the DC boost circuit belongs to a type of DC / DC circuit. When the switch is on, the power supply forms a loop through the inductor switch, and the current is converted into magnetic energy storage in the inductor; When the switch is turned off, the magnetic energy in the inductor is converted into electrical energy at the inductor end, which is negative on the left and positive on the right. This voltage is superimposed on the positive end of the power supply and forms a loop through the diode load to complete the boosting function. When the output overcurrent is over-current, the circuit will sample the peak current of the switch, reduce the duty ratio and cause the output voltage to drop. When the output voltage drops to the input voltage, the overcurrent protection is no longer controlled and the protection fails. In addition, the output overcurrent point will increase with the increase of the input voltage. When the output is short circuited, the input power supply will form a short circuit loop through the inductor and the booster diode, resulting in power failure. Another disadvantage of boost circuit is that it is not convenient to control off the output. When the control chip is turned off and the switch tube is turned off, the output still has voltage. Unlike buck circuit, it is very convenient to reduce the output voltage to 0 V Hot plug refers to hot plug. Hot plug function allows users to take out and replace damaged power supply or cards and other components without shutting down the system and cutting off the power supply, thus improving the system's ability of timely recovery, expansibility and flexibility to disasters. If there is no hot plug controller, the module at the load side will have a surge current impact on the power supply when it is plugged in and out, affecting the stability of voltage and the reliability of power supply. This problem can be solved by the hot plug controller, which can reasonably control the surge current and ensure the safe power on interval. After power on, the hot plug controller can continuously monitor the power supply current to avoid short circuit and overcurrent during normal operation.

Hot plug controllers are usually used in high availability systems such as servers, network switches, and other forms of communication infrastructure. This kind of system usually needs to replace the faulty circuit board or module in the charged state, and the system still operates normally. This process is called hot plug. One use of the hot plug controller is to solve the output end protection problem of the switching DC boost circuit by using the overcurrent and short-circuit protection functions of the hot plug protection circuit. Hot plug controller is a part of power management integrated circuit (IC). Hot plug refers to hot plug. Hot plug function allows users to take out and replace damaged power supply or cards and other components without shutting down the system and cutting off the power supply, thus improving the system's ability of timely recovery, expansibility and flexibility to disasters. If there is no hot plug controller, the module at the load side will have a surge current impact on the power supply when it is plugged in and out, affecting the stability of voltage and the reliability of power supply. This problem can be solved by the hot plug controller, which can reasonably control the surge current and ensure the safe power on interval. After power on, the hot plug controller can continuously monitor the power supply current to avoid short circuit and overcurrent during normal operation. The booster circuit of the hot plug control chip is equipped with output overcurrent and short circuit protection. When the remote terminal CTL is grounded, the power supply enters the standby mode and the output is zero. The hot plug controller includes an n-channel MOSFET serving as a main switch for power control, a detection resistor for measuring current, and a hot plug controller. The hot plug controller is used to realize a loop for controlling the on current of the MOSFET, which includes a current detection comparator. The current detection comparator is used to monitor the voltage drop on the external detection resistor. When the current flowing through the detection resistor generates a voltage of more than 50 MV, it will cause the comparator to indicate overcurrent and turn off the MOSFET Tps2491 has a soft start function, in which the overcurrent reference voltage rises linearly rather than suddenly, which makes the load current change in a similar manner. Another module of the hot plug controller is a timer, which limits the adjustment time of the current in the case of overcurrent. The selected MOSFET can withstand a certain power within a specified maximum time. MOSFET manufacturers use figure 3 to mark this range, or secure work area (SOA).

Voltage regulator (AVR) is one of the supporting equipment of battery management integrated circuit (IC). It is specially designed for supporting fundamental wave, harmonic compound excitation or AC brushless generator equipped with permanent magnet generator excitation (PGM system). The voltage regulator is made by using the switching characteristics of the transistor. That is, the transistor is connected in series in the excitation circuit of the generator as a switch. According to the output voltage of the generator, the on and off of the transistor is controlled, and the excitation current of the generator is adjusted to stabilize the output voltage of the generator within a certain range. According to the classification of working principle, voltage regulators can be generally divided into the following types: The contact type voltage regulator is applied earlier. The contact vibration frequency of this regulator is slow, there are mechanical inertia and electromagnetic inertia, the voltage regulation accuracy is low, the contact is easy to generate sparks, the radio interference is large, the reliability is poor, and the life is short. It has been eliminated. With the development of semiconductor technology, transistor regulator is adopted. Its advantages are: the switching frequency of the triode is high, no spark is generated, and the adjustment accuracy is high. It also has the advantages of light weight, small volume, long service life, high reliability, and small radio wave interference. It is now widely used in Dongfeng, Jiefang and many medium and low-grade vehicles. In addition to the advantages of the transistor regulator, the integrated circuit regulator is also ultra small. It is installed inside the generator (also known as the built-in regulator), reducing the external wiring and improving the cooling effect. It is now widely used in Santana. Audi and many other sedan models. After the total load of the system is measured by the electric load detector, the signal is transmitted to the generator computer, and then the generator voltage regulator is controlled by the engine computer to timely connect and disconnect the magnetic field circuit, which can reliably ensure the normal operation of the electrical system, fully charge the battery, reduce the engine load, and improve the fuel economy.

Complex programmable logic device (CPLD) was developed in the mid-1980s with the continuous improvement of semiconductor component technology and the continuous improvement of user requirements for device integration. There are many manufacturers of complex programmable logic devices (CPLD), with various varieties and structures, but most of them adopt the following two structures. One is CPLD based on product term. The logic unit of this CPLD follows the product term logic unit structure of simple PLD (pal, gal, etc.). At present, most CPLDs belong to this type. The logic block in CPLD is similar to a small-scale PLD. Usually, a logic block contains 4 ~ 20 macro units, and each macro unit is generally composed of product term array, product term allocation and programmable registers. So, what are the application scenarios of complex programmable logic devices? The emergence of reconfigurable PLD (programmable logic device) based on SRAM (static random access memory) has created conditions for system designers to dynamically change the logic function of PLD in operating circuits. PLD uses SRAM units to store configuration data. These configuration data determine the interconnection relationship and logic function within the PLD. Changing these data also changes the logic function of the device. Since the data of SRAM is volatile, these data must be stored in non-volatile memory such as EPROM, EEPROM or Flash ROM other than PLD devices, so that the system can download them to the SRAM unit of PLD at an appropriate time, so as to realize in circuit Reconfigurability (ICR).